Biology Addison Wesley Longman Photosynthesis Section Review Answers
GENERAL Biology(Principles in Biology)
BISC103, Section eleven
Autumn, 2002
Dr. Jane Noble-Harvey
211 McKinly Laboratory
Office Hours: Tuesday 9:30 - xi:30, and other times by arrangement
electronic mail: janenh@udel.edu
(dorsum to main folio)
SEE UNDER "LINKS & Study GUIDES" FOR Information ABOUT PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
THE TEXT
Please note: This syllabus is a very important document, and describes the basic Structure and RULES we will observe in conveying out this course. Please read information technology carefully and completely. If you accept any comments, please contact Dr. Noble-Harvey (janenh@udel.edu)
info
"General Biology" is intended for not-biology majors, and can be used to fill a Group D latitude requirement in the natural sciences at the University of Delaware. It is a 3 credit course, which does Not have a laboratory. Students who wish to take a biology form with a laboratory to fill a latitude requirement MUST Take BISC104, which has an associated lab.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
- The focus of the course will be THE CELL , which is the basic edifice block of all living things. Understanding how cells are built and how they piece of work yields important information about ALL living things.
- We will besides learn how living things deal with Data. How do they know what they are and what they can exercise? How do they pass this information on to the next generation of cells or to the side by side generation of organisms?
- Current noesis of these areas volition allow the student to better comprehend the many important bug in mod life which involve biology. We will look at Modernistic APPLICATIONS of biological information, such as genetic (Deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis, cloning of animals, and other issues; which impact us all every bit individuals, family members, and as members of social club.
- By reading biologically oriented news articles, written for non-scientists, students can plough this grade into the beginning of a life-long written report of biological science. Therefore the professor hopes to provoke your interest in - and excitement near - this wonderful organisation called LIFE, and to motivate your CONTINUING SELF-Educational activity.
EXAMINATIONS
A final exam, roofing the last 1/iii of the fabric in the form will be given during the Final Examination menses. No early final examinations will be given.
The content of each examination will be appear in class, one week prior to the date of the examination. The material covered in course may vary from that listed in the "Calendar," however, examination dates listed on the "Calendar" will non exist changed.
ASSIGNMENTS AND ACTIVITIES
Periodically during the semester activities will be washed, often in small groups of five students, which require the students to apply their cognition of biology to real life situations. This "problem-based learning" or "case study" way of teaching produces first-class assimilation of material, and will allow the class to explore societal issues and opinions, likewise every bit biological concepts.
Assignments will be given during the semester to enhance concepts introduced in lecture or to encourage the pupil's independent written report of some particular areas not covered in lecture. These assignments may have a written component done outside of class and handed in at class, or the teacher may ask the students to write most or answer questions about the assignment (a "quick-check") in the next class period.
Omnipresence
It is expected that students volition attend the class except when absent due to (1) serious (documented) affliction, (2) documented family tragedy,or (three) absence from campus due to official Academy of Delaware business. Attendance will exist adamant by participation in modest group activities or by other means.
Considering of the xv% of the grade which will be associated with omnipresence, assignments (and the results that are turned in), and activities done in form, information technology is imperative that students make a committment to attend course, except when it is impossible due to whatsoever of the three excuses listed above.
ACADEMIC DISHONESTY
Academic dishonesty in any form volition not be tolerated, and will exist dealt with severely. Please become familiar with the Academy's policy as stated in the Student Handbook nether the heading of "Academic Dishonesty."
Examination 1, outset ane/3 of grade = 30%
Test 2, 2nd 1/3 of course = 30%
Final Examination, last i/3 of course = 25%
Activities, Assignments, and Omnipresence = 15%
LETTER GRADES
Letter of the alphabet grades will be assigned equally indicated beneath:
A = 91-100
B+ = 89
B = 81-88
B- = 80
C+ = 79
C = 65-78
C- = 64
D+ = 63
D = 51-62
D- = 50
F = 0-49
BISC103syllabus.html#cal
Please note: The schedule of topics beneath MAY change. The exam dates will ALWAYS Exist THE Same equally shown on the schedule, then that students can rely on these dates in their schedule. The CONTENT OF EXAMINATIONS volition be announced in 1 week prior to the test.
| | | |
| Sept. four 6 | What is Biology? It's Alive! | 1 |
| Sept. 9 xi 13 | Edifice Cells More Well-nigh Cells Even More About Cells! | 4 |
| Sept.16 18 xx | Amazing Membranes The Ins and Outs of Cells Small Groups: Getting Together | 4 |
| Sept. 23 25 27 | Modest Groups: Trouble-Based Learning Cell Signalling Neurotransmitters | four |
| Sept. 30 October. two 4 | Neurotransmitters and Drugs Test 1 What are Genes? | Contents announced 1 week prior nine |
| Oct. vii 9 11 | Replication of Genes How Genes Express Themselves More about Cistron Expression | 9 |
| October. 14 sixteen 18 | Control Over Gene Expression Stem Cells and Cloning Small Groups: Problem-Based Learning | 10 |
| Oct. 21 23 25 | Asexual, Cellular Reproduction Cancer: Cells Out of Control Small Groups: Trouble-Based Learning | 7 |
| Oct. 28 xxx Nov. 1 | Sex...Why? Sex...How? EXAMINATION two | 7 Contents appear 1 week prior |
| November. iv 6 8 | Inheritance: A Few Simple Rules Inheritance in College Organisms More virtually Inheritance | 8 |
| Nov. 11 thirteen xv | Beyond the Nuts of Inheritance Human Genetics Human Genetic Disease | viii |
| Nov. xviii xx 22 | Pocket-sized Groups: Genetics Problems DNA Applied science Tools for Manipulating Dna | 11 |
| Nov. 25 27 29 | Forensic Deoxyribonucleic acid Tests Review THANKSGIVING RECESS! | 11 |
| Dec. ii 4 half-dozen | Modern Applications in Biological science More New Biological science Fifty-fifty More than New Biology | TBA |
| December. ix 11 | Review Evaluation | |
| December 13 to December 20 | Final Exam | No early examinations will be given |
REQUIRED MATERIALS
Campbell, Neil A. and Jane B. Reece, Essential Biological science, 1/e, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. San
Francisco, 2001
Campbell, Neil A. and Jane B. Reece, CD-ROM and Website, Essential Biological science Place. CD-ROM
and access to the website included with each new text. Access to the website can exist purchased
on line.
OPTIONAL MATERIAL
Zalisco, Edward J., Student Study Guide for Essential Biology, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. San
Francisco, 2001
LINKS
University of Delaware list of resources for biology: a neat identify to kickoff
The National Institutes of Health: middle for health and medical information and research for the Us
The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention: keeps records of illness and patterns of disease in the Us
Written report QUESTIONS FOR EXAM one
In general, the exam material will be from the lectures and "problems" from course, through Friday, Sept. 27. Material on the same topics in your text will raise your understanding, every bit volition work you can do using the CD-ROM/website for the text or the printed Educatee Written report Guide.
one. What are the backdrop of living things? Can any of them be properties of non-living things?
2. What are the different levels in the bureaucracy of system of life? Which structure in the hierarchy is considered the "unit of life"?
3. What is meant past life's unity? What is meant by life's diversity? How did this variety develop?
4. Grouping organisms by their relatedness has produced ii schemes of Kingdoms and Domains. How are the two schemes related to one another? If we utilize the groups chosen Kingdoms, how would they be distributed into Domains?
5. What are the Big Half dozen elements, and what is special near them with respect to living systems?
6. What are the major features of a prokaryotic cell? Explain the diferences betwixt prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
7. What is the endomembrane system? Describe the construction and function of the endomembrane system, the rough and smoothen endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi appliance, lysosomes, vesicles and vacuoles, the midria, and the chloroplasts.
8. What is the function of a cell wall?
ix. Explain the structure and function of the nucleus.
x. How does the secretory pathway piece of work to make and secrete products of the cell?
11. How would mitochondria and chloroplasts have been generated through endosymbiosis/ How would the structures in prokaryotic cells, which participate in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, have evolved into structures in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
12. How do enzymes work? Explicate this pace-by-step.
thirteen. What is the form of energy needed by a cell? Draw the construction of this free energy source. What do cells and organisms utilise this energy for?
xiv. What is the structure of a phospholipid bilayer?
15. What is the difference betwixt hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials? Draw a lipid bilayer, and mention which parts are hydrophobic and which are hydrophilic.
16. What is a major difference betwixt the Outside of the plasma membrane and the Inside?
17. What is improvidence? How is it related to passive transport of fabric into and out of a cell? What materials are transported by "simple improvidence" through the lipid of the plasma membrane? What other types of passive transport are there?
18. What is osmosis?
19. Describe the sequence of events occurring during the operation of active transport past the sodium-potassium pump. What are the results of the operation of this pump?
xx. Describe the processes of endocytosis and exocytosid. What types of material are typically brought into a eukaryotic cell by pinocytosis and by phagocytosis?
21. What does penicillin do to bacteria?
22. What are proteins fabricated of? On what does the role of protein depend? Where are the instructions for making proteins?
23. Compare the properties of viruses like TMV and adenovirus and a prison cell.
24. How does a neuron transmit a nerve impulse through its plasma membrane?
25. How does a neuron transmit a signal to another jail cell beyond a synaptic scissure?
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES FOR EXAM 2
Make full in the blanks
1. Depression is associated with a low level of ______________ in the encephalon.
ii. RNA contains the bases __, __, __, and __. Dna contains the bases __, __, __, and __.
3. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered "The _________ Helix" and ane of the features of this structure was that the amount of ____ was equal to the amount of T.
4. The parental DNA molecule contains the following bases. Make full in the bases of the daughter strand.
TCAGAATG
___________
five. Genetic data in a _________is encoded in the nucleotide sequence of it Dna molecule.
6. Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from ________ to ___________.
7. One stop codon in mRNA is _____, and the start codon is _________.
8. The enzyme ______________ attaches to the ___________of the cistron, causing the start of transcription.
9. The non-coding regions of an RNA transcript are chosen _______, and the coding regions are______.
x._________________ converts iii-letter codons in mRNA to the corresponding amino acid words for protein.
11. A molecule that carries an amino acid and can recognize an mRNA codon is _________________.
12. Translation takes identify in the _________.
13. An egg and a sperm fuse to get a __________.
xiv. Most regulation of cistron expression occurs at the __________________ level.
15. DNA packing is washed in the following way: histones attach to _______ to form_______. They scroll into a ______________, which coils into a 200nm bore ____________. Further looping and folding compacts the Deoxyribonucleic acid into a _________________________.
16. When genes are turned "on" in transcriptional command, __________ can bind to the ___________.
17. Stem cells can be removed from a(n)_____________, a(n)__________, or a(n)_______________.
xviii.___________is given to a person to suppress his _________ arrangement which could turn down a foreign tissue afterwards transplantation.
19. A clone of an adult is made by putting a ___________ into the donor egg, whose _______ has been removed.
xx. _____________reproduction is washed by single-celled organisms.
21. Cell division by mitosis plays an important role in __________ or ________ of cells in a multicellular organism.
22. Duplicated chromosomes are held together at the constriction known as the ___________.
23. In mitosis, the duplicated ___________ divide and are evenly distributed to form two _________.
24. In prophase, the ____________disappears, the ___________become compact and the __________ forms to motion the chromosomes around.
25. Interphase includes the phases of the jail cell bicycle known as ___, ____, and ___ (in the lodge in which they occur).
True/False Questions If the post-obit statements are false, correct them.
1. Dna polymerase makes the bonds between the nucleotides to class a new strand of DNA.
2. Protein synthesis takes place in the nucleus.
three. Translation is the transfer of genetic information in the DNA into a protein.
4. Translation converts nucleic acid language into protein language.
5. In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation take place in different compartments of the cell.
6. In transcription in a single gene, merely one of the Dna strands serves as a template for the newly forming RNA.
seven. In transcription, a promoter sequence signals the DNA polymerase to stop transcribing.
eight. Before an RNA leaves the nucleus, the exons are removed and the introns are spliced together.
ix.Translation takes place on a ribosome.
ten. Regulation of genes is involved in the differenciation of cells.
xi. In a human body cell, there are 23 chromosomes in the nucleus.
12. DNA packing tin can forestall gene expression.
xiii. Stalk cells can be removed from the bone marrow of a young person.
14. A homologous pair of chromosomes can have eight copies of that type of chromosome, i.e., the #1 chromosome.
15. Before a cell divides, it makes 2 copies of each chromosome it has.
xvi. Cytokinesis usually begins later mitosis is completed.
17. Anaphase is the stage when chromosomes line up in the eye of the cell.
18. Telophase is quite similar to prophase.
19. Mitosis takes place in the K phase.
20. An external betoken is needed at the Gone-checkpoint to carry on the cell wheel into S stage.
STUDY QUESTIONS FOR EXAM 2
The exam material starts with the second lecture on neurotransmitters and covers the discussion of neurotransmitters and weather and diseases. Information technology ends later on the lecture material on asexual reproductions and the brief coverage of cancer.
1. What is the relationship between the "substantia nigra," the "basal ganglia," and the motor neurons that connect to muscle cells? How is this relationship disturbed in Parkinson's disease, and how can Parkinson's affliction be treated? What is the defect in Huntington's affliction and what are the symptoms of this disease? What abnormality is at that place in neurotransmitters and schizophrenia and how is it treated?
ii. What is the basic block in the brain which produces depression? What neurotransmitter shows very low levels in the brain after suicide as a result of low? What are the 2 means you can increase the level of a number of neurotransmitters in the brain to treat depression?
3. What are opiates and what is there affect on the encephalon? What natural substances, produced by your torso, are bound to opiate receptors? What is the effect of THC on the brain?
iv. Using the "heed equals brain" epitome, how would one define "addiction," and what sorts of substances would be capable of causing addiction?
5. What was The Blender Experiment that was carried out in 1952, and what did information technology establish in the minds of scientists? How was the experiment carried out and what was labeled with radioactive sulphur and with radioactive phorphorus?
half-dozen. What are the subunits of nucleic acids, how are they put together to form a chain, and what are the names of the "bases" which extend from these bondage in Deoxyribonucleic acid and in RNA? Who described the structure of DNA and how did they figure this out? What is the construction of DNA, and how did the construction suggest the ways by which the molecule could copy itself (replicate)? What is semi-conservative replication of DNA and what enzyme carries information technology out? What are complementary base pairs and how are they used to associate two chains of nucleotides?
7. How would you lot diagram the "Central Dogma"? Make a diagram and label replication, transcription, RNA synthesis, translation, and protein synthesis. What are the 2 steps in "expression" of a factor in Deoxyribonucleic acid?
8. How does RNA polymerase collaborate with Dna and make a complementary strand of RNA? What is the role of Dna chosen where RNA polymerase attaches? Describe how, in prokaryotic cells, mRNA can exist made and read at the same time. Why isn't this possible in eukaryotic cells? What happens to the RNA transcript in a eukaryotic cell during RNA processing in social club to turn it into mRNA? What are introns and what are exons? What is meant by a "cap" and a "tail"?
9. Describe the process of poly peptide synthesis or translation. Why is it chosen translation? What are the 2 languages you are working with during this process, and what is the "dictionary" used to translate one into the other? What are the cease codons and what is the start codon? Brand upwards a slice of mRNA with a starting time codon and a end codon and about five other codons inbetween. Interpret it.
x. What structures and other molecules are part of the protein synthesizing machinery? How does tRNA help to connect nucleic acrid codons with amino acids going into a growing protein chain? What does a ribosome fastened to an mRNA molecule do subsequently a bond is made between two amino acids? What happens next? You might want to use the CD-ROM or the website to encounter some animations of this process.
11. What is sickle prison cell anemia and how does information technology crusade symptoms? What are some of the symptoms?
What is the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia? What is the departure between the normal hemoglobin gene and the sickle prison cell hemoglobin cistron? What is the divergence between normal hemoglobin protein and sickle cell hemoglobin protein?
12. What is differenciation? What kinds of cistron regulation are virtually important in eukaryotic cells?
13. What are the different levels of arrangement of DNA and proteins in eukaryotic DNA, and when is DNA available for expression, and what level of packing makes DNA unavailable for expression?
xiv. How many human genes are present in a typical specialized cell in a human existence? What percentage of the human being genome is active in a specialized cell in a human being being? What is the default atmospheric condition of most genes in a human cell? What is the most common way to turn on a gene in a eukaryotic prison cell? What role do transcription factors play? What process is turned on to turns on gene expression? How are genes turned on through a signal transduction pathway?
15. What are stem cells and why are they thought to concur so much promise in the future of medicine?
What are the sources of embryonic stem cells? Remember the story of Molly who received stem cells from the umbilical cord of her brother Adam. Exercise you believe in creating embryos for inquiry...for therapeutic use of the stem cells...for reproduction and option of a more than desirable offspring?
What diseases might be treated by implanting stalk cells? What does the allowed system practice to tissues that are foreign, and what drug can prevent this? How can cloning an embryo get around this trouble with the immune system? If you lot need a eye transplant in 20 years, practice you think that scientists could make a heart for you lot...from yous?
xvi. What is asexual reproduction and what organisms use it to make new organisms and what organisms apply information technology to grow and replace lost cells?
17. What are the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells similar earlier the prison cell starts into mitosis?What are the iv phases of mitosis and what happens in each phase? Exercise you lot empathize WHY these complicated processes go on? Retrieve about dividing 46 structures in half and putting one-half of them in 1 pile and half in another pile. Information technology takes system and control.
18. What is cytokinesis, and how is information technology carried out in a typical animate being prison cell and in a typical constitute cell?
19. Betwixt 1 cell division and the next cell partition is a part of the cell'due south life called interphase. What three parts is interphase ordinarily broken into? What is the sequence of these phases of the prison cell cycle? In what way is the cell cycle analogous to an automatic clothes washer? What is the G1-checkpoint and where does information technology come in the cell bicycle? What three groups of cells are there with respect to their beliefs in the cell bike? Where are neurons in the cycle? What about a liver jail cell? Which of these tin be signalled to render to the bicycle, and how is that washed? Diagram the events that occur in a cell when a growth factor gives a cell the point that it should go past the G1-checkpoint and start to replicate its DNA. What happens to the growth cistron? How is the betoken transduced through the jail cell to the nucleus (using the signal transduction pathway)? What happens in the nucleus to turn on one or more than genes? After the genes are turned on, what happens, what is made using these genes?
20. What are the two properties of cancerous (cancer) cells? What feature is missing in cells of a benign tumor? What is metastasis? How does it bear on the patient'due south survival and treatment? What route does the tumor cell usually accept during metastasis? What is a master tumor and a secondary tumor?
Good luck!! Accept a sane and happy Halloween...if only considering you lot have an exam the next day!
STUDY QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAMINATION
1. What are the two ways that sexual reproduction causes the mixing and shuffling of genes?
What is meiosis and what does it produce? How can you connect meiosis and Mendel's Principle of Segregation? What are the phases in meiosis I and meiosis II? When do homologous pairs of chromosomes come together? What is synapsis and crossing over? When practise homologous pairs of chromosomes carve up? What is the meaning of a cell beingness diploid? What does it mean if a prison cell is haploid? In the homo life bicycle, where are in that location diploid cells and where are there haploid cells?
2. What is nondisjunction, and what genetic condition is fairly mutual, particularly in offspring of mothers over 35 years old, that is acquired by nondisjunction? What is the technical proper name for Downwardly syndrome, and what are some of the symptoms?
3. Review Mendel's "monohybrid cantankerous." What is meant by dominant and recessive traits, homozygous and heterozygous, the Principle of Segregation, a parental cross, an F1 cross, F2 generation, genotype and phenotype? How can you use symbols to represent the genes (alleles) in an organism or in a gamete? How can you use a Punnett square to represent the offspring produced by any particular cross?
iv. What is a testcross and why would you exercise it? How would you determine that the parent with the dominant phenotype was homozygous or heterozygous?
5. What is a dihybrid cross? Bold the ii genes you are following are independently assorting, what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring of two dihybrids, i.eastward., AaBb ten AaBb? What does it mean if two genes are independently assorting? What does information technology mean when 2 genes are "linked"?
half-dozen. What is incomplete dominance? How tin can you tell past looking at the homozygous parents and the heterozygotes that in that location is incomplete authorization? What happens when you analyze a person'south cells who is heterozygous for human hypercholesterolemia (Effigy viii.20)? Why is this incomplete dominance?
vii. The ABO bloodtypes in humans show multiple alleles and codominance. What are the possible genotypes for the claret types A, B, O, and AB? What alleles are ascendant to "i" and what alleles are codominant?
8. What is polygenic inheritance? If you graph a trait that is polygenic, like human top, what kind of variation do you go? What is a "normal distribution"?
9. What are positive features of a genetic "system" to written report? How do human being beings compare to these features, and how does this alter the study of human being genetics as opposed to that of fruit flies?
10. What is the most usual pattern of inheritance in human being genetic disease? What is a carrier? What mating is bound to produce offspring with genetic disease, even though both parents are normal in phenotype? What is cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and PKU? What advantage can a person have who is heterozygous for sickle cell anemia (has sickle cell trait)? Why would the hemoglobin alleles for normal hemoglobin and sickle prison cell hemoglobin be called codominant?
xi. What diseases are passed on to offspring by dominant inheritance? What proportion of offspring with one afflicted parent would be expected to have the illness?
12. How is gender adamant in humans? What is meant by sex-linked inheritance of the blazon seen in red-green colorblindness and in hemophilia? What is feature of this type of inheritance? Why do males invariably show the alleles inherited from their mother if the trait is inherited in this way?
thirteen. What are the various ways of getting fabric containing fetal cells or fetal poly peptide to analyze it? What are the means one can produce an image of a fetus? How are these various tools used? What genetic disease, which causes severe retardation, can be diagnosed shortly later birth, and treated with diet?
fourteen. DNA technology has developed many useful procedures and products using special "tools." How would you lot use some of these tools to make a recombinant bacterial cell which contained a homo gene? Where did these tools come from and what do they do? How would you make a human "cistron" that has no introns in information technology? Why would you have to use such a cDNA gene if you wanted the gene'southward product to be made correctly in bacteria? What is a radioactive probe and what is information technology used for? If you lot have clones (colonies) of leaner on a plate, and i has the factor of interest in it, how would you locate that particular clone using a radioactive probe and autoradiography?
fifteen. How does ane get about making a clone of an beast? How would you employ a homo clone for therapeutic purposes? If you wanted to reproduce a human being existence using cloning, what would y'all have to do, in add-on to producing an embryo in vitro?
16. If you know the sequence of amino acids in a protein (gene product), how would you find the sequence of bases in its Deoxyribonucleic acid gene?
17. What is gel electrophoresis, and how is it used in studying pieces of DNA? What determines how far pieces of Deoxyribonucleic acid travel in a particular fourth dimension through the gel?
xviii. How are these DNA techniques combined to analyze the differences in the DNA of human being beings?
What has to exist washed to a Deoxyribonucleic acid sample if there is not enough Dna in it to test? What causes the differences between DNA of different people that we see with RFLP analysis?
nineteen. How many man genes are at that place in the genome? What other types of Dna are at that place besides genes? What are telomeres and how do they office during the life of a cell? What happens when the telomeres of the chromosomes of a jail cell have eroded to a critical point? What is the activity of telomerase? Why is it of import to the "immortality" of cancer cells?
20. How is RFLP assay used to establish paternity? What is the human relationship between restriction fragments found in a baby'southward Deoxyribonucleic acid and those plant in the DNA of its parents?
21. When Dna analysis is used to identify an individual and 5 or more probes are used in the identification, what is the probability of a take a chance friction match-up of patterns between two people?
Is in that location a realistic chance of two people having a matching pattern when v or more probes are used, except when they are identical twins?
22. How practice results from RFLP analyses of crime scenes support the example of people who oppose the death penalty? Why was O.J. Simpson acquitted, when the Dna bear witness in the case put him at the crime scene?
23. Why has it been then important that DNA technology has allowed people to brand a large quantity of some human proteins that are usually fabricated in pocket-sized quantities? What were the drawbacks of getting these human being proteins from cadavers, or getting a similar protein from another species, i.e., cattle or pigs? What are some of the human proteins that are produced in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells? What is enhancement therapy and how can i utilize human being growth hormone in this manner?
24. What is a transgenic animal and how is one produced? How have transgenic sheep been important in production of clotting cistron IX?
25. How can anti-sense oligos be used to shut off expression of a particular factor?
26. What is gene therapy? What is used as a vector for genes, to acquit them to cells?
What is the demand for such therapy, i.e., how big a fraction of children built-in in the U.S. have a serious genetic disease? What is SCIDS and how has it been treated using gene therapy? What has impeded the progress in cistron therapy in the concluding few years? What is the problem with using retroviruses (like to HIV) in gene therapy? How could you lot treat cancer using gene therapy with the p53 factor?
27. How do "ice-minus" bacteria assistance prevent frost on crops at temperatures effectually the freezing bespeak?
28. What portion of soybeans and corn in the U.S. was "genetically modified" in 2000? What traits have been given to GM plants that help the farmer? What kind of nutritional improvements have been made to plants? What is yellow rice and why is information technology important to people in developing countries? What are complete proteins and why are they important for humans to arrive their diets? Why is it of import to get complete protein into plants similar rice, corn and wheat?
29.What are "knock-out" mice, and what tin can they be used for?
thirty. What are the major risks of using DNA engineering science?
Skilful luck on your studying! Dr. Northward-H
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
Problem-based learning is a educatee-centered teaching technique that has been shown to allow students to assimilate material quickly and retain is much amend than teacher-centered teaching by lecturing.
The students will exist divided upwardly into modest groups of iv to six students. Through discussion and research (in the text and notes) each group will respond to the "problem." Real-world situations, called problems, are given to the group, along with directions for some work that the group will do. For case, the group might be asked to write answers to questions posed about the trouble.
Group work has been found to be much more efficient than work done by a single person working alone. Each fellow member of a grouping brings their unique life feel and education to the work of the grouping, and is a valued participant. Each member will bring some knowledge and areas of ignorance to the group. When the group needs to learn something new to resolve the trouble and consummate the assignment, that data becomes a "learning issue," which needs to exist researched past the members. In this course, the issues will exist constructed and then that the data needed either comes from lecture notes or the text, or from a synthesis of data from either source.
On days the professor tells you "group work" will be washed, you should bring your class notes and your text to class. You will be placed in permanent groups which will exist determined by the instruction staff. For each working session, three roles need to be filled: leader, recorder, and reporter. The leader keeps the discussion orderly and on rails, the recorder writes down the ideas expressed and fills in the Group Study form, and the Reporter hands in papers and takes papers from the instruction staff back to the group. These roles volition change each time there is group work.
Problem-based learning and the group activities that will exist done this semester volition give you experience in communication skills and relationship skills that will do good you greatly in your education and in your career. This technique is student-centered and each student is responsible to the other members of his/her group for a portion of the work. I hope you will accept total advantage of this opportunity to assemble and larn new information in a relaxed only efficient manner. The new information that is presented in the problems and other group activity will be role of the content of the course, and will be included in examinations. In addition, the Group Report will be graded and used in determining a part of the grade that comes from Activities, Assignments, and Attendance.
Source: https://www1.udel.edu/biology/nh/BISC103syllabus.html
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